The term return on investment (ROI) refers to the value derived from an investment. If an investment has a high ROI, then it provides more value to the organization than another investment of the same amount but with a lower ROI.
Return on Security Investment (ROSI) specifically measures the ROI of investments in cybersecurity initiatives. Security investment is essential for an organization, but many security teams struggle to quantify the benefits derived from it.
Companies face a wide variety of cybersecurity threats, including ransomware and supply chain attacks. While the organization may acknowledge that some security investment is necessary to manage cyber risk and prevent cyberattacks, it may be difficult to determine where to invest or for a security lead to demonstrate the positive impacts of past investments.
Quantifying the value of cybersecurity is important for a few different reasons, including:
Strategic Security Investment: Comparing the ROSI of various proposed investments can help executives choose the solutions that offer the greatest potential benefit to the organization.
ROSI measures the benefit that security investment brings to the organization. In general, this can be calculated as
RoSI = (Benefits of Security Investment – Cost of Security Investment) / Cost of Security Investment
In this calculation, the cost of a security investment is relatively easy to determine. However, quantifying the potential benefits is more difficult. One way to estimate this is based on the change in the Annual Loss Expectation (ALE) associated with a security investment.
ALE measures the total expected financial losses due to a particular cybersecurity threat each year. It is calculated as
ALE = ARO * SLE
In this equation, ARO stands for the Annual Rate of Occurrence. This is the number of times that a particular type of security incident is expected to occur each year. For example, if an organization faces a 20% chance of a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack each year, then it will have an ARO of 0.2 for this security risk. ARO can be estimated based on past cybersecurity data for the organization or for similar companies in its industry.
The other value, Single Loss Expectancy (SLE), measures the total cost of a single instance of this cybersecurity threat to the organization. This value should include both direct costs — costs of remediation, lost productivity, etc. — and indirect costs — lost sales, etc. — to the organization. Like ARO, this can be estimated based on past company or industry data.
After calculating the ALE of a security incident, the benefit of a security solution can be estimated based on the anticipated reduction in the ALE. This can be caused by a decrease in:
By estimating the impact that the investment has on ALE, a security team can calculate ROSI and quantify the benefit that it has to the organization.
Like any part of the business, the security department should be working to maximize ROI (or ROSI). Some ways to increase ROSI include:
Maximizing ROSI is essential for the success of a corporate cybersecurity program. One of the most effective ways of doing so is by increasing the efficiency of the corporate security operations center (SOC). By eliminating manual processes and centralizing visibility and control of corporate security tools, an organization decreases the operational expenditure (OpEx) of the corporate SOC.
Check Point Infinity is a unified security architecture focused on enhancing enterprise threat prevention capabilities and ROSI. Learn more about the top four ways to increase ROSI with Check Point Infinity.